Education in Bangladesh

The educational system in Bangladesh is not so high. So, Bangladesh would face some problem every year in the sector of education. The educational coordination in Bangladesh is three-tiered and extremely subsidized and the people of Bangladesh is extremely face this problem. The management of Bangladesh operates many schools in the primary, secondary, and higher secondary levels. It also subsidizes parts of the financial support for a lot of private schools and they got a lot of help from it. But it is not so helpful for them. In the tertiary education part, the government also funds more than 15 condition universities throughout the University Grants payment and the government will do more work for make a good position the education sector.
The education system in Bangladesh is mainly depend in 3 parts. That’s primary, Secondary and Higher secondary and five years of inferior secondary education concludes with a Secondary School Certificate (SSC) Examination. Students should must pass this examination carry on to two years of Higher Secondary or intermediary training. Education is mainly offered in Bangla which is a mothertoung in Bangladesh, but English is also regularly taught and used as usually it is the international language. A huge number of Muslim families send their children to be present at proletarian courses or even to pursue full-time spiritual education, which is imparted in Bangla and they will benefited from it.
Universities in Bangladesh are mostly categorized into three different types: Public university , Private University , and International University. its play a big role in our country. Bangladesh has 30 public universities where National University is the Largest one and University of Dhaka which is established in 1921 and it is the most old and popular university in bangladesh

Tea Plantation in Bangladesh

Bangladesh produces and exports a huge amount of high class tea. Most of the tea plantations are situated in the northeastern areas of the country, around Shylhet and Srimongal.

Sylhet is situated close to Bangladesh’s border with the Indian states of Magalia and Assam. It is also a very important area of Bangladesh, because our economic mainly depends on tea and Shylhet is the most perfect place for cultivating tea.

Srimongal is about 70 km south of Sylhet. It is called ‘the capital of tea’. Most of the tea plantations are centered here, which is the main demand of the region. There is also a Tea Research institution, which is open to visitors. A high percentage of ancestral people add to this areas attraction. The other main attraction is the”Lawachara” forest, which is situated only few kilometers away from Srimongal. You can also see Hornbills, White-Browed Gibbons and many other animals.

This part of the country is together with this by hillocks rising to reasonable heights. The rainfall is high than normal. These environments have offered rich tropical forests with many kind of wildlife, scented orange groves and pineapple plantations. It is also the home of Khashia and Manipuri tribal. The waterfall of Madhab Kunda is another very charming place to visit. They are home to many fish and thousands of local and traveling birds.

Natural Gas

One of the country's few stone assets is natural gas, which is the basis for nitrogenous fertilizer production enough to meet the country's needs. Probable national reserves range from 182 billion to 623 billion cubic meters. Deposits lie in more than a dozen different locations, six of which were producing in 1986. The country's gas production is concentrated in the northeastern part of the country. Reserves also have been discovered offshore, but extraction is not yet successful.
Total gas production in FY 1986 was 2.9 billion cubic meters, with production rising at least 10 percent per year. All production was extreme domestically. About 40 percent of production was used for generating power, nearly 40 percent for producing manure, and the rest divided among industrial, commercial, and household uses. Even by traditional estimates of reserves and consumption trends, the supply was expected to be sufficient for Bangladesh's requirements through the year 2030.
So, the people of Bangladesh should be attentive about using Gas, otherwise it will be a great curse for their life and country.

Culture of Bangladesh

Bangladesh has a prosperous tradition of Art. Speciniens of early terracota and pottery show amazing creativity. Zainul Ahedin earned worldwide fame by his stunning sketches of the Bengal Famine in 1943. Zainul Ahedin, Qamrul Hasan. Anwarul Haque, Shafiuddin Ahnied, Shafiqul Amin, Rashid Chowdhury and S.M. Sultan was Modern painting.

Other famous artists of Bangladesh are Abdur Razzak, Qayyum Chowdhury, Murtaza Baseer, Aminul Islam, Debdas Chakraborty, Kazi Abdul Baset, Syed Jahangir, and Mohammad Kibria

The earliest available example of Bengali literature is about a thousand years old. During the mediaeval period. Bengali Literature developed significantly with the support of Muslim rulers. Chandi Das, Daulat Kazi and Alaol are some of the well-known poets of the time. The time of modern Bengali Literature began in the late nineteenth century Rabindranath Tagore, the Nobel Laureate is a vital part of Bangalee culture. Kazi Nazrul Islam, Michael Madhusudan Datta. Sarat Chandra Chattopadhaya, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhaya, Mir Mosharraf Hossain and Kazi Ahdul Wadud are the pioneers of modern Bengali Literature.

Kazi Nazrul Islam is a national poet of our country. He is a very famous poet in Bangladesh. His famous poem BIDROHI is well-known all over the world. Some of his famous book are: BISAR BASI, AGNIBINA, BADHON HARA , CAYANOT, POTROPUT etc.
Festivals and celebrations are integral part of the culture of Bangladesh. Prominent and widely celebrated festivals are Pohela Baishak, Independence day, National Mourning Day,

History of Bangladesh

Bangladesh became one of the large nation states in 1971 when it seceded from Pakistan. Prior to the creation of Pakistan in 1947, modern-day Bangladesh was part of ancient, classical, medieval and colonial India.
Since independence, the government has experienced periods of democratic and military rule. The founding leader of the country and its first president was Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. His daughter Sheikh Hasina Wazed is currently the prime minister, as leader of the Awami League. The opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party is led by Begum Khaleda Zia, who is the widow of the revered freedom fighter and former president Ziaur Rahman.
After the Awami League won all the East Pakistan seats of the Pakistan's National Assembly in the 1970-71 elections, West Pakistan opened talks with the East on constitutional questions about the division of power between the central government and the provinces, as well as the formation of a national government headed by the Awami League.
The talks proved unsuccessful, however, and on March 1, 1971, Pakistani President Yahya Khan indefinitely postponed the pending National Assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in East Pakistan.
On March 2, 1971, a group of students, led by A S M Abdur Rob, student leader & VP of DUCSU (Dhaka University Central Students Union) raised the new (proposed) flag of Bangla under the direction of Swadhin Bangla.
On March 3, 1971, student leader Sahjahan Siraj read the Sadhinotar Ishtehar (Declaration of independence) at Paltan Maidan in front of Bangabandhu Shaikh Mujib along with student and public gathering.
On March 7, there was a historical public gathering in Paltan Maidan to hear the guideline for the revolution and independence from Shaikh Mujib, the frontier leader of movement that time. Although he avoided the direct speech of independence as the talks were still underway, he influenced the mob to prepare for the separation war. The speech is still considered a key moment in the war of liberation, and is remembered for the phrase, "Ebarer Shongram Muktir Shongram, Ebarer Shongram Shadhinotar Shongram...." ("This time, the revolution is for freedom; this time, the revolution is for liberation....").
After the military crackdown by the Pakistan army began during the early hours of March 26, 1971 Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was arrested and the political leaders dispersed, mostly fleeing to neighbouring India where they organized a provisional government afterwards. Before being held up by the Pakistani Army Sheikh Mujibur Rahman gave a hand note of the declaration of the independence of Bangladesh and it was circulated amongst people and transmitted by the then East Pakistan Rifles' wireless transmitter. Bengali Army Major Zia-Ur-Rahman captured Kalurghat Radio Station in Chittagong and read the declaration of independence of Bangladesh. Later that day, Major Zia read the declaration of independence on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman,
"I, Major Zia-ur-Rahman,on behalf of our great national leader and supreme commandar Sheikh Mujibur Rahman do hereby proclaim the independence of Bangladesh."
The Provisional Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh was formed in Meherpur, (later renamed as Mujibnagar a place adjacent to the Indian border). Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was announced to be the head of the state. Tajuddin Ahmed became the prime minister of the government. There the war plan was sketched with armed forces established named "Muktibahini" (freedom fighters).M. A. G. Osmani was assigned as the Chief of the force. The land sketched into 11 sectors under 11 sector commanders. Along with this sectors on the later part of the war Three special forces were formed namely Z Force, S Force and K Force. These three forces name were derived from the initial letter of the commandar's name. The training and most of the arms and ammunitions were arranged by the Meherpur government which were supported by India. As fighting grew between the Pakistan Army and the Bengali Mukti Bahini, an estimated ten million Bengalis, mainly Hindus, sought refuge in the Indian states of Assam, Tripura and West Bengal.
The crisis in East Pakistan produced new strains in Pakistan's troubled relations with India. The two nations had fought a war in 1965, mainly in the west, but the pressure of millions of refugees escaping into India in autumn of 1971 as well as Pakistani aggression reignited hostilities with Pakistan. Indian sympathies lay with East Pakistan, and on December 3, 1971, India intervened on the side of the Bangladeshis. On December 16, 1971, Pakistani forces surrendered, and the nation of Bangla Desh ("Country of Bengal") was finally established the following day. The new country changed its name to Bangladesh on January 11, 1972 and became a parliamentary democracy under a constitution. Shortly thereafter on March 19 Bangladesh signed a friendship treaty with India.

Sundarban

(Bengali: সুন্দরবন, Shundorbôn) is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world. The name Sundarban can be accurately translated as "beautiful jungle" or "beautiful forest" . The name may have been derived from the ‘Sundari’ trees that are found in Sundarbans in huge numbers. on the other hand, it has been proposed that the name is a corruption of Samudraban or Chandra-bandhe (name of a primitive tribe). But the generally accepted view is the one associated with Sundari trees. The forest covers 10,000 sq.km. of which about 6,000 are in Bangladesh. It became inscribed as a UNESCO world heritage site in 1997. The Bangladesh part of the Sundarbans is estimated to be about 4,110 km², of which about 1,700 km² is occupied by water bodies in the forms of river, canals and creeks of width varying from a few meters to several kilometers. The Sundarbans has a population of over 4 million, but much of it is mostly free of permanent human habitation.
In addition to traditional forest produce like timber, fuel wood, pulpwood etc., large scale harvest of non wood forest products such as thatching materials, honey, bees-wax, fish, and crustacean and mollusk resources of the forest takes place regularly. Constituting 51% of the total reserved forest estate of Bangladesh it contributes about 41% of total forest revenue and accounts for about 45% of all timber and fuel wood output of the country (FAO 1995).

Forest in Bangladesh

Forest sector is a very important sector in Bangladesh. The economy of Bangladesh is mainly depending on the forest. Every year Bangladesh earn a huge quantity money from this sector. Bangladesh is located on the second biggest river organization in the world, which drains an area of 1,086,000 square kilometers from China, Nepal, India, and Bangladesh. This single location results in annual flooding of about 50% of the country's land area. At 150 million people and growing, gaps in policy, and incompatible institutional mandates, 90% of Bangladesh's natural forests and 50% of its fresh-water wetlands are gone or tainted.
USAID's assistance focuses on conservation of natural resources and expanding broad-based economic opportunities. USAID has developed a model that devolves environmental management to local communities, whose lives are directly or indirectly dependent on natural capital. USAID sponsored co-management projects have created a successful model of co-management in freshwater ecosystems and forests, but have had a relatively modest geographic coverage. USAID's goal over the next five years is to achieve recognition and acceptance of the co-management approach by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) and integration of co-management into the government's management tactics. Integrated activities will result in:

 Development of a co-management plan that applies to all ecosystems, including those slight freshwater and forest ecosystems;
 Over 50 protected areas managed with USAID support openly benefiting two and a half million people;
 GOB support to share park fees with limited communities to finance conservation efforts and support eco-friendly jobs development and
 Additional 350,000 hectares co-managed by communities and the GOB.

Seasons in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has six different seasons . Season is one of the divisions of a year according to weather. Its number and features vary from country to country. In Bangladesh, There are six seasons such as summer, the rainy season, early autumn, late autumn, winter and spring. Each season comprises two months, but some seasons flow into other seasons, while others are short. Actually, Bangladesh has three distinct seasons: the pre-monsoon hot season from March through May, rainy monsoon season which lasts from June through October, and a cool dry winter season from November through February. April is the hottest month in the country when mean temperature range from 27°C in the east and south to 31°C in the west-central part of the country. After April, increasing cloud-cover dampens temperature. Wind direction is variable in this season, especially during its early part. RAINFALL accounts for 10 to 25 percent of the annual total, which is caused by thunderstorms. Low temperatures, cool air blowing from the west or northwest, clear sky, and meager rainfall characterize the cool dry season. Average temperature in January varies from 17°C in the northwest and northeastern parts of the country to 20°C-21°C in the coastal areas. Minimum temperature in the extreme northwest in late December and early January reaches 3°C to 4°C. These seasons come one after another in a regular cycle. Each season has its own beauty and features. Each of them appears with it's own beauty, color, sights and sounds. So, They are:
1. Barsa - Rainy Season
2. Sarat - Autumn
3. Hemanto - Late autumn
4. Seet - Winter
5. Basanto -Spring
6. Grisma - Summer
Barsa (June to August) Rainy Season
In Bangladesh, which has both the world's largest delta system and the greatest flow of river water to the sea, water rules the earth, and so the most important season of all is barsa, a time of lashing rains and tearing winds. The Bengali year begins with summer, with the Pahela Baishakh (first day of Baishakh) being the Bangla New Year. Hindus observe many seasonal festivals during this period, including jamaisasthi (the sixth day of the bright fortnight in Jyaistha when a son-in-law is blessed by his parents-in-law). In this season, 70 percent of the land is under water – water from rivers, the sea, rain, tidal waves, floods and the melting snows of the Himalayas. The rains are at first a welcome relief from the baking, dusty hot season. But as the rains continue, the land turns into a brown and watery mass, ever- move to higher ground. During the rains, most villages are isolated, accessible only by boat. The rain has turned stagnant water fresh again. The stalks are placed on high ground to dry. Aside from the practical problems, the rains and water also inspire the poetry, art and songs of the people.
Sarat (September to October) Autumn
As September begins, the skies are blue and a cool wind blows. The land turns into a carpet of bright green rice shoots while the smell of drying jute invades the air. Flowers bloom, the rice ripens and the harvest begins. Blue, gold and green are the colours of sarat – blue sky, golden sun and green vegetation from emerald to jade, pea to lime, shamrock to sea-green. In the green fields, white Siberian cranes, egrets and ducks hunt for food. Although the air is humid, there is a slight chill late at night.
Hemanto (October to November) Late autumn
Once the land has emerged from its watery grave, it is time to replant in new, fertile soil that is rich in nutrients. During this season, the land is at its luscious best. Festivals flourish to hail the harvest, the end of the floods, the coming of the new soil and the wonder of the rivers. The country's troubadours are everywhere, dressed in bright clothes and singing for money. The land and its people come to life during hemanto, when the flowers bloom – jasmine, water lily, rose, magnolia, hibiscus and bougainvillea. By the season's end, the air is no longer humid. Fresh scents replace the dry jute smell. Hemanto marks the start of the wedding season where receptions are held under red, blue, green or white tents.
Seet (November to December) Winter
From mid-November to early January, the weather becomes more arid and less humid. Average temperatures in January vary from about 11°C in the northwestern and northeastern parts of the country to 20°C to 21°C in the coastal areas. The earth dries and dust forms. Warm clothes are pulled out. Young people play tennis, football, cricket and golf. Seet is also the season when people return to their ancestral villages, where they can experience once again the essence of Bangladesh – the harmony of man, beast, land, water and air.
Basanto (December to February) Spring
The coolest days are from mid-December to February when the days are golden with light, the flowers are blooming and the nights and early mornings are chilly. Night guards wrap themselves up in shawls and blankets with scarves and hats pulled down over their ears. Weather is normally pleasant, with 20 to 25 percent cloud-cover, comfortable temperature and moderate relative humidity. Average temperature in March varies from 22°C to 25°C all over the country, with relative humidity ranging from 50 to 70 percent. During basanto, the countryside hums with fairs, parades and commemorations. Arts festivals celebrate painting and handicrafts, poetry, music and drama. In Dhaka, basanto heralds the beginning of the social season with a frantic whirl of invitations to weddings, parties and dinners. Along with the cool weather comes the nation's silly season – politics. To a Bangladeshi, politics is what alcohol or sport is to other nations. Everyone gets involved.


Grisma (March to May) Summer
Throughout basanto, the weather warms up a bit each day until March 1, when the heat starts intensifying more rapidly. The soil turns a dusty khaki and then almost white. There are lightening and thunder storms and sometimes, icy lumps of hail crash down. The rivers dry out and are difficult to navigate. Grisma is also the peak time for the brick industry. Bricks are used for building and are a substitute for stone and gravel in Bangladesh. In the cities, the humid air is laden with dust, brick grit and auto fumes. The sun is a round red globe, beating down relentlessly. Everyone waits for the rains and the beginning of another cycle of seasons.

Wildlife of Bangladesh

The greater part of the human population lives in or roughly huge cities and this has helped to maximum deforestation to some extent. Rather, the development rate continues to increase at an alarming rate and this has placed large demands on the environment and lead to consequent clearing of several natural habitats. Though several areas are protected under law, a large part of Bangladeshi wildlife is threatened by this development. Bangladesh is home to almost 22 species of amphibian, 17 species of marine reptiles, 109 species of reptile, 388 species of birds, 110 species of mammals and 3 species of marine mammals. In addition to the large bird count, a further 240 species of traveling birds swell bird facts each year. The huge majority of these creatures at present inhabit in an area of land that is some 150 000 sq kilometers in size! This is a remarkable achievement to say the least. Moreover, this does not mean all is well with the country’s natural heritage. So far a quantity of creatures have gone completely from the country and a further 201 species are in danger The dholes, Asiatic wild dog is now rare by habitat and preying species loss and human harassment. Notable species that have departed from Bangladesh are the one-horned Rhinoceros, the two-horned Rhinoceros, the Gaur, the Banteng, Hog deer and swamp deer, Indian Wolf, marsh crocodile and wild buffalo. Generally, such great losses will frequently outcome the atmosphere to a greater or lesser degree and result in environmental imbalances.

Natural Beauty of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is full of natural beauty and resources. Bangladesh is the most beautiful country of the world. There is no green country in the world except Bangladesh. Bangladesh lies between latitudes 20° and 27°N, and longitudes 88° and 93°E.

Bangladesh is in the low-lying Ganges–Brahmaputra River Delta or Ganges Delta. This delta is formed by the confluence of the Ganges (local name Padma or Pôdda), Brahmaputra(Jamuna or Jomuna also known as "Yamuna"), and Meghna rivers and their respective tributaries. The Ganges unites with the Jamuna (main channel of the Brahmaputra) and later joins the Meghna to eventually empty into the Bay of Bengal. The alluvial soil deposited by these rivers has created some of the most fertile plains in the world. Bangladesh has 57 trans-boundary rivers, making water issues politically complicated to resolve – in most cases as the lower riparian state to India. Most parts of Bangladesh are less than 12 m (39.4 ft) above the sea level, and it is believed that about 10% of the land would be flooded if the sea level were to rise by 1 m (3.28 ft).

In south east Bangladesh experiments have been done since the sixties to 'build with nature'. By implementing cross dams, the natural accretion of silt has created new land. With Dutch funding, the Bangladeshi government began to help develop this new land in the late 1970s. The effort has since become a multiagency operation building roads, culverts, embankments, cyclone shelters, toilets and ponds, as well as distributing land to settlers. By fall 2010, the program will have allotted some 27,000 acres (10,927 ha) to 21,000 families.